What is the sequence of events that led oxygen atom to become part of our solar nebula?
A star with 3 or more solar masses fused hydrogen into helium, helium into and carbon and oxygen helium into carbon, carbon into neon into magnesium, oxygen into silicon, sulfur , aluminum, silicon and aluminum into iron, stopping when iron had built up in the core. When the star tries to fuse iron, it goes supernova, creating a shock wave in the interstellar medium around the supernova. The pressures and temperatures in the supernova create all of the naturally occurring elements heavier than iron, Behind and in the shock wave were all the atoms heavier than helium that get seeded into the interstellar medium that the shock wave moved through. The shock wave starts clouds of hydrogen, helium and dust rotating, and those rotating clouds then collapse into a disk with a new protostar at the center.
You should understand that most of the oxygen in Earth’s atmosphere came from plants, NOT the solar nebula. Most of the oxygen in the solar nebula went into the cores, mantles, and crusts of all the planets, including the so-called gas giants, then the planets differentiated chemically by mass and density. Oxygen is an important constituent of most minerals and rocks.
I’m going to forgo getting onto my soapbox again about how “gas” giants have have solid planets underneath all of that atmosphere because of their magnetic fields. That would be off topic from answering the question.
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